What are the names of the various versions of the Android OS, and how are these names chosen?

Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed code name and released in alphabetical order, beginning with Android 1.5 "Cupcake"; the earlier versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names:

Cupcake:

• Android 1.5

Donut:

• Android 1.6

Eclair:

• Android 2.0
• Android 2.1

Froyo: (short for "frozen yogurt")

• Android 2.2

Gingerbread:

• Android 2.3

Honeycomb:

• Android 3.0
• Android 3.1
• Android 3.2

Ice Cream Sandwich:

• Android 4.0

Jelly Bean:

• Android 4.1
• Android 4.2
• Android 4.3

KitKat:

• Android 4.4

Lollipop:

• Android 5.0
• Android 5.1

Marshmallow:

• Android 6.0